WBI offers two (2) in vivo models for assessment of general inflammation: 

 

Carrageenan Paw Edema (CPE) Model

This is a rapid and inexpensive in vivo model for evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy of test articles. The CPE model in mice or rats quantitatively assesses inhibition of edema induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan. Standard test period is 6 hours with edema measured at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours - or can be carried out over longer periods if preferred.

Carrageenan-induced inflammation involves extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from circulation to the site of inflammation. The subsequent release of myeloperoxidase and other cytokines within the interstitial tissues results in plasma exudation into the site of inflammation.

 

 LPS Mouse Model

Current remedies for rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and related inflammatory cell-mediated diseases either attempt to ameliorate the pain and inflammation associated with the early stages of these diseases or suppress the immune system, resulting in the increased susceptibility to infectious disease.  In the ongoing search for more effective treatments, investigations have focused on the blockade or inhibition of the cytokines released by these inflammatory cells.  The activity of these cytokines released early in the cycle of disease development has been found to be directly related to the severity of the inflammation and subsequent tissue destruction.

The LPS Mouse Model is an accurate, reliable and inexpensive model which involves the activation of circulating white blood cells, diapedesis of these cells from the circulation to the peritoneal cavity, and the stimulation of these cells to release cytokines.

TNF-alpha measurements are standard for this model. Various other cytokines may also be measured: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17 and others.